Virginia A. Henderson "basic human needs"

LYDIA E. HALL

(1906-1969)

CARE, CORE, and CURE MODEL

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

                Lydia E. Hall was born on the 21^st of September year 1906 in New York City (Binoy, 2013). She began her prestigious career in nursing as a graduate of the York Hospital School of Nursing in York, Pennsylvania. She earned her B.S. and M.A. degrees from Teachers College, Columbia University, in New York. She had faculty position at the York Hospital School of Nursing and Fordham Hospital School of Nursing. She became consultant in Nursing Education to the Nursing Faculty at the State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center. She also was an instructor of nursing education at Teachers College. Her greatest achievements are she design and develop Loeb Center for Nursing at Montefiore Hospital in New York City and apply her theory to nursing practice; opened at January 1963, a 80 bed capacity for persons aged 16 years or older who were no longer having acute biological disturbances. Patients were recommended by their physicians and had favourable potential for recovery and subsequent return to their community. She served as administrative director of the Loeb Center for Nursing for from its opening until her death in February 1969. (Sidon, 2014)

METAPARADIGM

PERSON

-          She viewed a patient as composed of three aspects: body, pathology and person. She emphasized the importance of the individual as unique, capable of growth and learning and requiring a total person approach. Patients achieve their maximal potential through learning process, therefore, the chief therapy they need is teaching. (Sidon, 2014)

ENVIRONMENT

-          The concept of environment is dealt with in relation to the individual. She was credited with developing the concept of Loeb Center for Nursing because she assumed that the hospital environment during the treatment of acute illness creates a difficult psychological experience for the ill individual. Loeb Center focuses on providing an environment conducive to self development in which the action of nurses is for assisting the individual in attaining a personal goal. (Sidon, 2014)

HEALTH

-          Hall viewed becoming ill is behaviour. Illness is directed by feelings-out-of-awareness, which are the root of adjustment difficulties. Healing may be hastened by helping people move in the direction of self-awareness. Once people are brought to terms with their true feelings and motivations, they become free to release their own powers of healing. Through the process of reflection, the patient has the chance to move from the unlabeled threat of phobia or disease to a properly labelled threat (fear) with which he can deal constructively. (Sidon, 2014)

NURSING

-          Nursing is identified as consisting of participation in the care core and cure aspects of nursing care. Nursing can and should be professional. Hall stipulated that patients should be cared for only by professional nurses who can take total responsibility for the care and teaching of their patients. Care is the sole function of the nurse, where as core and cure are shared with other member of the health team. However the major purpose of care is to achieve an interpersonal relationship with the individual that will facilitate the development of care. (Sidon, 2014)

CARE, CORE, AND CURE

CARE

                It alludes the “hands on”, intimate bodily care aspect of nursing of the patient and implies a comforting, nurturing relationship. While intimate physical care is given, the patient and the nurse develop a close relationship representing the teaching and learning aspect of nursing. The natural and biological sciences (the Body). (Sidon, 2014)

• Nurturing component of care
• It is exclusive to nursing
•  “Mothering”
• Provides teaching and learning activities
• Nurses goal is to “comfort” the patient
• Patient may explore and share feeling with nurse
• Nurse is concerned with intimate bodily care
• Nurse applies knowledge of natural and biological sciences
• Nurse act as potential comforter

CORE

                It involves the therapeutic use of self in communicating with the patient. The nurse through the use of reflective technique helps the patient clarify motives and goals, facilitating the process of increasing the patients self awareness. The social sciences ( the person ). (Sidon, 2014)

•   Patient care is based on social sciences
•   Therapeutic use of self
•   Helps patient learn their role is in the healing process
•   Patient is able to maintain who they are
•   Patient able to develop a maturity level when nurse listens to them and acts as sounding board
•   Patient able to make informed decisions
•   Emphasis on social, emotional, spiritual and intellectual needs
•   Patient makes more rapid progress towards recovery and rehabilitation

CURE

                It is the aspect of nursing involved with the administration of medications and treatments. The nurse functions in his/her role as an investigator and potential cause of pain related to skills such as injections and dressing changes. Seeing the patient, and family through the medical care aspect of nursing. The pathological and therapeutic sciences ( the disease ) . (Sidon, 2014)

•   Care based on pathological and therapeutic sciences
•   Application of medical knowledge by nurses
•   Nurse assisting the doctor in performing tasks
•   Nurse is patient advocate in this area
•   Nurses role changes from positive quality to negative quality
•   Medical surgical and rehabilitative care
•   Cooperate with  the families or care givers

GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS

1. The motivation and energy necessary for healing exist within the patient, rather than in the health care team. (PAKISTAN, 2015)

2. The three aspects of nursing should not be viewed as functioning independently but as interrelated. (PAKISTAN, 2015)

3. The three aspects interact, and the circles representing them change size, depending on the patient’s total course of progress. (PAKISTAN, 2015)

RESEARCH STUDIES:

1. The first study utilizes the theory of Lydia E. Hall in the care of a patient with cerebrovascular accident. This study was undertaken at the Las Piñas General Hospital Center and Satellite Center's Medical Ward. The researcher went on a 8 hours of duty everyday caring for a CVA patient for a total of 15 days, within the confinement days of the patient there was a total of 19 nursing diagnosis wherein 19 nursing care plans were made. the nursing interventions was categorized in accordance to the theory in which the therapeutic use of self was classified under the core aspect, intimate bodily care under the care aspect and assisting on the medical plan in under the cure aspect. According to the study, the three interrelated aspects of the theory proved to be effective and efficient in improving the quality of nursing care for a patient with cerebrovascular accident. Patient care was improved through the actual incorporation of the three aspects in carrying out tasks or nursing interventions for the care of the patient.(Alegre, 2013)

2. Another study that made use of the theory is about the home health nurse management of heart failure patients and hospital readmission. According to the study, heart failure is the leading cause of hospital admissions in patients more than 65 years old and failure to provide carefully planned care to heart failure patients in the home setting predisposes patients to frequent hospital readmission due to poor medication, compliance, diet and education of symptom management. The theory was used in this study to show the importance of home health nurse interventions by providing a carefully planned of care using the three aspects of the theory. The theory also emphasizes that the compliance or coordination of the patient is also important in order to attain the goal of care and prevent further hospital readmission. (McCoy, Davidhizar, & Gillum, 2007)

LORMA COLLEGES

COLLEGE OF NURSING

BACLIG, PAUL DAVID M.

AREOLA, CRISELA B.

REFERENCES:

• Alegre, C. A. (2013, June 19`). Health Research and Development Information Network. Retrieved July 27, 2018, from Herdin ph: http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/partners?view=research&cid=52012

• Binoy, U. (2013, November 22). LinkedIn Corporation © 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018, from SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/krishnameera999/lydia-halls-theory

• McCoy, M. L., Davidhizar, R., & Gillum, D. (2007, August 1). SAGE Publications. Retrieved July 27, 2018, from SAGE journals: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1084822307300926

• PAKISTAN, D. U. (2015, May 7). LinkedIn Corporation © 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018, from SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/BAHADURNADIR/lydia-hall-core-care-cure-theory

• Penano, R. U. (Director). (2016). Lydia Hall Nursing Theory [Motion Picture]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UdxKy8C5LA

• Sidon, J. (2014, June 17). LinkedIn Corporation © 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018, from Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/JaypeeSidon/tfn-lydia-hall